Spring Materials Foshan Shunde Elephant Hardware Spring Co., Ltd

Elephant Spring offers both stock springs and springs made to specifications in many material options. Depending on the application, the right material can make all the difference in the performance of a spring. Common considerations with regards to material include operating temperature, corrosion resistance requirements and spring parameters needed. A Elephant Spring Engineer is available to assist with material inquiries should you have questions regarding a specific application or material.

Elephant Spring Stock Series Materials
Stock Spring Series		Music Wire	Stainless Steel	Elgiloy	Oil Tempered MB	Chrome Silicon	Beryllium Copper	Ultem
Compression	LeeP Plastic Composite							X
	Bantam Mini Series			X
	Instrument Series	X	X
	Lite Pressure Series		SS316
	Standard Series	X	X
	Heavy Duty Series	X	X		X
	High Pressure Series		17-7 PH
	REDUX Wave Series		17-7 PH
	HEFTY Die Springs	X				X
	DIN-Plus Series	X^	X^
Extension		X	X
Torsion Springs		X	X
Belleville Washers			300 Series
Constant Force Springs			301
Battery Springs		X					X
Continuous Length Extension Springs		X	302
Spring Kits		X	X
Drawbar			X
MIL-SPEC Compression		X*	302 DFARS
MIL-SPEC Extension		X*	302 DFARS

* Uncoated per ASTM A228 (or) Cadmium Plated Music Wire (or) Zinc plated Music Wire Available

X^ Similar grades as per EN 10270

Material Properties

High Carbon Steels

Material	Commercially Available Specification	Nominal Chemistry	Density (lb/in3)	Minimum Tensile Strength (psi x 103)	Modulus of Elasticity (E)(psi x 106)	Modulus in Torsion (G)(psi x 106)	Maximum Operating Temperature	Description & Primary Use
Oil Tempered MB	ASTM A229	C 0.55 - 0.85%, Mn 0.30 - 1.20%	0.28	Class I: 165 - 293, Class II: 191 - 324	30	11.5	250 °F	General purpose spring wire for average stress applications. Highly magnetic. Often used for larger wire sizes when Music Wire is not available.
Hard Drawn MB	ASTM A227	C 0.45 - 0.85%, Mn 0.30 - 1.30%	0.28	Class I: 147 - 283, Class II: 171 - 324	30	11.5	250 °F	General purpose spring wire for low to average stress applications. Cold drawn to desired properties. Highly magnetic.
Music Wire	ASTM A228	C 0.70 - 1.00%, Mn 0.20 - 0.70%	0.28	230 - 399	30	11.5	250 °F	High quality spring wire that is cold drawn with good surface finish. Highly magnetic. Generally good fatigue life due to high tensile strength.

Alloy Steels

Material	Commercially Available Specification	Nominal Chemistry	Density (lb/in3)	Minimum Tensile Strength (psi x 103)	Modulus of Elasticity (E)(psi x 106)	Modulus in Torsion (G)(psi x 106)	Maximum Operating Temperature	Description & Primary Use
Oil Tempered Chrome Vanadium	ASTM A231	C 0.48 - 0.53%, V 0.15 Min %, Mn 0.70 - 0.90%, Cr 0.80 - 1.10%	0.28	190 - 300	30	11.5	425 °F	Alloy steel spring wire used for shock loads and moderately elevated temperatures. Highly magnetic. Available in Valve Spring quality in accordance with ASTM A232.
Oil Tempered Chrome Silicon	ASTM A401	C 0.51 - 0.59%, Cr 0.60 - 0.80%, Si 1.20 - 1.60%	0.28	224 - 300	30	11.5	475 °F	Alloy steel spring wire used for shock loads and moderately elevated temperatures. Highly magnetic. Available in Valve Spring quality in accordance with ASTM A877.

Stainless Steels

Material	Commercially Available Specification	Nominal Chemistry	Density (lb/in3)	Minimum Tensile Strength (psi x 103)	Modulus of Elasticity (E)(psi x 106)	Modulus in Torsion (G)(psi x 106)	Maximum Operating Temperature	Description & Primary Use
Stainless Steel 17-7 PH	AMS 5678	Cr 16.0 - 18.0%, Ni 6.5 - 7.7%, Al 0.75 - 1.5%	0.28	Cond. CH900: 230 - 343	29.5	11	600 °F	Improved strength over 300 Series stainless steels with similar heat and corrosion resistance. Slightly magnetic. Material is precipitation hardened after spring fabrication to achieve desired properties.
Stainless Steel 316	ASTM A313	Cr 16.5 - 18.0%, Ni 10.5 - 13.5%, Mo 2.0 - 2.5%	0.29	125 - 245	28	10	550 °F	General heat resistant spring wire and better corrosion resistance than Type 302/204. Slightly magnetic. Often used in marine applications, resists chloride attack.
Stainless Steel 302/304	ASTM A313	Cr 17.0 - 20.0%, Ni 8.0 - 10.5%	0.29	130 - 325	28	10	550 °F	General purpose corrosion and heat resistant spring wire. Slightly magnetic. Type 304 has less carbon than Type 302, however considered commercially equivalent for stock springs.

Copper Alloys

Material	Commercially Available Specification	Nominal Chemistry	Density (lb/in3)	Minimum Tensile Strength (psi x 103)	Modulus of Elasticity (E)(psi x 106)	Modulus in Torsion (G)(psi x 106)	Maximum Operating Temperature	Description & Primary Use
Monel K 500	QQ-N-286	Ni 63.0 min%, Cu 27.0 - 33.0%, Al 2.3 - 3.1%	0.31	160 - 200	26	9.5	550 °F	Similar corrosion and heat resistance to Monel 400 with better strength. Good for subzero and cryogenic applications.
Monel 400	AMS 7233	Ni 63.0 min%, Cu 28.0 - 34.0%	0.32	145 - 180	26	9.5	450 °F	Nickel-copper alloy spring wire with good corrosion resistance at moderately elevated temperatures. Good mechanical properties for subzero temperature applications. Generally resistant to hydrofluoric, sulfuric, and hydrochloric acids. Typical for marine and chemical processing applications.
Brass	ASTM B134	Cu 68.5 - 71.5%, Zn 28.5 - 31.5%	0.31	120 min	16	6	200 °F	Good combination of strength and ductility for cold working. Properties based on 70-30 Spring Brass (C26000) sub-type. Used in fresh water and seawater applications.
Beryllium Copper	ASTM B197	Cu 98.0%, Be 1.8 - 2.0%	0.30	160 - 230	18.5	7	400 °F	Non-ferrous spring wire with good corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity. Improved strength over phosphor bronze and non-magnetic. Material is precipitation hardened after spring fabrication to achieve desired properties.
Phosphor Bronze	ASTM B159	Cu 94.0 - 96.0%, Sn 4.0 - 6.0%	0.32	105 - 145	15	6.25	200 °F	Non-ferrous spring wire with good corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity. Non-magnetic.

Nickel Alloys

Material	Commercially Available Specification	Nominal Chemistry	Density (lb/in3)	Minimum Tensile Strength (psi x 103)	Modulus of Elasticity (E)(psi x 106)	Modulus in Torsion (G)(psi x 106)	Maximum Operating Temperature	Description & Primary Use
Hastelloy (C276)	ASTM B574	Ni 51.0 - 63.5%, Cr 14.5 - 16.5%, Mo 15.0 - 17.0%, Fe 4.0 - 7.0%	0.32	100 - 200	30.7	11.8	700 °F	Good corrosion resistance in chemical process environments. Known for excellent resistance to sulfur and chloride compounds. Useful in marine and waste treatment industries.
NiSpan C	AMS 5225	Fe 45.0 - 51.0%, Ni 41.0 - 43.5%, Cr 4.9 - 5.75%, Ti 2.25 - 2.75%, Al 0.3 - 0.8%	0.29	150 - 190	24.0 - 29.0	9.0 - 10.0	150 °F	Special alloy that is heat-treatable to have a constant modulus over a range of operating temperatures. Material is not stainless and is magnetic. Typically used in timing devices, weighing and geophysical instruments.
Elgiloy	AMS 5833	Co 39.0 - 41.0%, Ni 15.0 - 16.0, Cr 19.0 - 21.0%, Fe 15.0 - 18.0%	0.30	270 - 300	32	12	850 °F	Cobalt-Nickel alloy known for strength and non-magnetic qualities. Excellent corrosion resistance, good for acetic acid, ammonium chloride, citric acid, sodium chloride and sodium sulfite. Material is precipitation hardened after spring fabrication to achieve desired properties.
Inconel X750	AMS 5698 / 5699	Ni 70.0 min%, Cr 14.0 - 17.0%, Fe 5.0 - 9.0%	0.30	No. 1 Temper: 155 Min, Spring Temper: 180 - 220	31	12	750 - 1100 °F	Better strength over Inconel 600. Material is precipitation hardened after spring fabrication to achieve desired properties. No. 1 Temper provides better heat resistance.
Inconel 718	ASTM B637	Ni 50.0 - 55.0%, Cr 17.0 - 21.0%, Fe 11.0 - 24.0%	0.30	210 - 250	29	11.2	1100 °F	Better strength and heat resistance over Inconel 600. Material is precipitation hardened after spring fabrication to achieve desired properties.
Inconel 600	ASTM B166	Ni 72.0 min%, Cr 14.0 - 17.0%, Fe 6.0 - 10.0%	0.31	140 - 185	31	11	700 °F	Good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties at moderately elevated temperatures. Also good for cryogenic applications. Used in chemical processing, heat-treating, and aerospace industries.

Plastic Composite

Material	Notes	Maximum Operating Temperature	Description & Primary Use
Ultem	A thermoplastic polyetherimide (PEI) resin and a trademark of SABIC Innovative Plastics IP BV. Ultem is naturally amber colored. Lee Spring uses custom resin blends of six color-coded strengths.	340 °F	Excellent chemical resistance and thermal properties. Non-magnetic with very low flammability.